This story is part of a larger series on viroids and virusoids, small infectious RNAs. It is also the third installment in a series on hepatitis D virus, a virusoid-like pathogen that causes serious ...

A structurally tuned HPV cancer SNA vaccine boosts CD8⁺ T‑cell responses and slows tumor growth in mice and patient‑derived spheroids, a study shows.

An antigen is any substance that can trigger an immune response in the body. Antigens are typically proteins or polysaccharides that are recognized as foreign or potentially harmful by the immune ...

Because many different types of cancer cells overexpress programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), this cell surface protein is a major target of cancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, drugs that target it do ...

Antigen tests can identify the presence of antigens within the body, which are substances that cause immune responses, such as the release of antibodies. The immune system, and antibodies specifically ...

Because many different types of cancer cells overexpress programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), this cell surface protein is a ...

CD4+ T cells, or helper T cells, are one type of lymphocyte that helps coordinate the immune response against infection and disease. They interact and activate other cells in the immune system. The ...