Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) extend classical differential equations by incorporating uncertainty through fuzzy numbers. This mathematical framework is particularly valuable for modelling ...

Introduces the theory and applications of dynamical systems through solutions to differential equations.Covers existence and uniqueness theory, local stability properties, qualitative analysis, global ...

Introduces ordinary differential equations, systems of linear equations, matrices, determinants, vector spaces, linear transformations, and systems of linear differential equations. Prereq., APPM 1360 ...

Delay differential equations (DDEs) extend classical ordinary differential equations by incorporating dependencies on past states. This inclusion of time delays is critical for accurately modelling ...