Birth defects are associated with increased cancer risk in the general pediatric population, yet their impact on leukemia risk in children with Down syndrome (DS) remains uncertain. We assessed this ...

Birth defects are structural or functional anomalies at or before birth 1. The observed prevalence of birth defects is about 2–3% worldwide 2. Fetal death refers to the intrauterine death of a fetus ...

Congenital heart disease or defect is a common type of birth defect that needs medical attention. The exact cause is unclear, but it may be connected to genetic factors or the mother's health ...