Most of the time, cooking is a matter of following a recipe—combine specific amounts of specific ingredients in the right way and the predictable outcome is that you'll wind up with a tasty meal.

In the photonic synthetic dimension, the coupling of internal degrees of freedom of photons, such as frequency, spatial mode, and orbital angular momentum, generates extra dimensions in addition to ...

How atoms acquire three-dimensional bulk character is one of the fundamental questions in materials science. Before addressing this question, how atomic layers become a bulk crystal might give a hint ...

Trapped matter-wave interferometry offers the promise of compact high-precision local force sensing. However, noise in the trap itself can introduce new systematic errors which are absent in ...

Bandgap refers to a region of an element’s crystal’s electronic band structure through which electrons can’t pass. Also referred to as an energy gap, bandgap is a concept in solid-state physics and ...

Despite a deep understanding of the properties of individual atoms -- the 'ingredients' that make up a crystal -- scientists found that, when they are combined they often display new, unanticipated ...