PHILADELPHIA, United States — The Fields medal, known as the Nobel prize of mathematics, was awarded Thursday to four people -- two Chinese citizens, one American and one Canadian. The honor -- a recognition of outstanding discoveries by researchers under the age of 40 that is bestowed by the International Mathematical Union -- comprises 15,

A decade after uncovering a mysterious mathematical relationship in the physics of "jamming," Nobel laureate Giorgio Parisi and collaborator Francesco Zamponi have finally cracked the case — not with