On December 7, 1941, during the attack on Pearl Harbor, Doris “Dorie” Miller, an African American Mess Attendant in the U.S. Navy, performed acts of extraordinary heroism. Despite being restricted by segregation-era policies to serve only in support roles, Miller: • Carried wounded sailors (including his ship’s captain) to safety • Manned an anti-aircraft machine gun — a weapon he was not trained to use • Fired at attacking Japanese aircraft until the ammunition ran out • Became one of the first